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150 - Super-empowerment

In an article titled World These new Superman, which destabilize the institutions Yves Mamou draws a parallel between Jerome Kerviel , Albert Gonzalez (a hacker convicted of theft and resale of 170 million credit card numbers) and Julian Assange .

These three examples sign the emergence in the early twenty-first century a new kind of Superman. For the first time in history, a single individual, devoid of the traditional tools of power (military, police ...), without charisma particular, can cause a disorder or destabilize global institutions. While it happened in history that individuals articulate the course of events around the person. Joan of Arc, Rasputin or Gandhi, undoubtedly a gifted exceptional charisma, could act on the will of the powerful or the crowds. But with Kerviel or Gonzalez, here is the advent of Super-ordinary-men. A Superman Without Qualities. The Americans have invented a new word for these individuals: super-empowerment . (1)

It seems that Thomas Friedman, an American journalist, columnist of The New York Times, which had first used the term "Super-Empowered" (missing a word in French to say "coined" !). It was about Osama bin Laden, and was ... en 1998 !

President Clinton called Osama bin Laden's terrorist group ''a network not sponsored by any state, but as dangerous as any we face." Nothing better summarizes the most immediate threat to America today. It is not from another hostile superpower. There is none - for the moment. It is from super-empowered individuals, super-empowered angry men.

The super-empowered angry men have no specific ideological program or demands. Rather, they are driven by a generalized hatred of the U.S., Israel and other supposed enemies of Islam. Ramzi Yousef, mastermind of the World Trade Center bombing, was a super-empowered angry man. Osama bin Laden is another. (2)

Nobody knew then that this idea of Super Empowered Angry Men would find in 2001 a development as tragic and dramatic. Thomas Friedman's article is dated August 22, 1998, 2 days after the U.S. military has attempted to eliminate bin Laden in retaliation for bomb attacks against U.S. embassies in Dar es Salaam and Nairobi. In 2002, he returned to this event in the prologue Latitudes and Longitudes, his book on 'the world after September 11 ":

Think About That : there one day in 1998, The United States fired 75 cruise missiles at bin Laden. The United States fired 75 cruise missiles at $ 1 million apiece, at a person! That Was The First Battle in History Between a superpower and a super- Empowered Angry Man. September 11 was just The Second Such battle. (3)

In the 3 cases cited in Le Monde, like that of bin Laden, which allows private individuals to acquire such power, the misuse of technology is too complex and too ubiquitous , so we can really keep them "under control" or consider it happen.

What Makes Them Super-Empowered , though, IS Their genius at using the Networked World, the Internet & the very high technology THEY hate, to attack us. Think about it: They Turned Our MOST Advanced Flat Into Civilian human-directed, precision-guided cruise missiles - a diabolical melding of Their o Fanaticism and technology. Jihad Online. (4)

It is the complexity that seems crucial point in accessing complex yet unpublished, the world of human artifacts is similar to the physical world and can in turn be subject to a form of butterfly effect: a seemingly innocuous event can trigger events "catastrophic" in the sense of Lorenz .

Luckily for the candidate Superman which would improve the world rather What set fire, there is the technological complexity can also be used for more peaceful ... For example, cryptography, since it has escaped the military alone, also allows Wikileaks to operate effectively. But there's even more simple ...

Jody Williams Won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1997 for Helping to Build An International Coalition to Bring About a treaty outlawing land mines. Although Nearly 120 gouvernements Endorsed The Treaty, It Was Opposed by Russia, China, and the United States. When Jody Williams WAS Asked, "How Did You Do That? How Did you organizes one thousand different Citizens' groups and non-governmental organizations are five continents to forge a treaty That Was Opposed By The Major Power? "she Had a very brief answer:" Email. "(3)

(1) The World - The new Superman destabilize institutions

(2) New York Times - Foreign Affairs; Angry, Wired and Deadly, by T. Friedman
(3) Thomas Friedman - Longitudes and Attitudes
(4) New York Times - Foreign Affairs, World War III, by T. Friedman

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Dead Ringers.

"My dreams ... What dreams? ... Did I dream?" I do not know. My dreams - or maybe my lack of dreams - were bigger than my life. Something inform agitated over me, and I refrained from responding. Sometimes, in a doorway, a corner Street, the turning of a book or a conversation, the sky opened suddenly. In the confusion, in the turmoil, a world made me sign. I held my breath, I stood motionless for a moment, heart on fire. And then I left. I was going. I let myself be carried away by the facilities of the existence ... "

(J. Ormesson)

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" Everything changed when I met you. Not because my little work became more exciting. But because I transforms everything that happens around me in our conversations. "

(Milan Kundera)

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Inspirations.

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The Long Road.

"I've always loved the night, there are lots of things inside who talk, sing or tell. "

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149 - Distributed thinking

SETI @ home, remember? But if! In 1999 it was the first scientific program to exploit the idea of Distributed Computing : in other words, the idea of using thousands of ordinary personal computers connected to the Internet, instead of a single supercomputer overpriced . With a small program ad'hoc (who was also extinguisher screen) could leave his computer work for science for pee breaks (plus nights and weekends if affinities ...)

Good . In the wake of SETI @ Home UC Berkeley produced a "generic" version of the program which allowed any scientific project using the same principle Distributed Computing. They called it BOINC, ie: Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing .

Okay. David Baker was one of those who have seized this new opportunity to work computers around the world on a particularly resource-intensive: the "folding" of proteins. (1) Thus was born Rosetta @ home.

It worked very well. The computers of thousands of volunteers bent without complaining a lot of protein, or at least they tried, and that's when people started to protest ... Letters began to arrive, "says David Baker, where people complained that their computer was trying lots of opportunities absurd while the solution was bursting their eyes ...

Yes! They were obsessed by the technical side of their job, of Berkeley computer scientists had forgotten that every household in the world contains at least one computer more powerful than the latest from Compaq: a silly (yet awesome) human brain!

So David Baker and his team have radically revised their approach. Rather than using the computer time available for their thousands of volunteers, they asked more brain time! And for this they created a platform game, a sort of giant puzzle made of real proteins, with levels, scores and high scores table to the key.

There's this incredible human Amount of computing power out there That we're starting to capitalize on, "says Baker, Who is feeding Some of the Best Back Into tactics human history Rosetta algorithms. (2)

And it works! Number 466 of Nature published an article signed by the team of David Baker proves the effectiveness of this new approach, called for the occasion Distributed thinking, which resembles the scientist for crowdsourcing already at the work in other areas ...

Players working Collaboratively Develop a rich assortment of new strategies and algorithms; Unlike was Computational Approaches, They not only explores The conformational space to aussi The Space of possible search strategies. The integration of human visual problem-solving capabilities and Strategy Development With traditional computational algorithms-through interactive multiplayer games Is A Powerful New Approach to solving computationally-limited Scientific problems. (3)

Michael Kearns, a computer loaded with the famous DARPA evaluate the concept in 2008, is enthusiastic:

We're At The Dawn Of A New Era in Which Between Humans and computing machinery IS Being mixed. (2)

There are still a little flat ...

There are limits to aussi games. If nothing else, says Kearns, Becomes ubiquitous computing as human, people marvel at Will No Longer Being a part of thesis networks and May start to feel Exploited by 'em. (2)

Yes, it would be stupid as all these hi-tech prowess and the latest inventions eventually give birth to a silly notion as old fashioned and outdated that ... work!

(1) for info on the "folding" of proteins, one can visit the site Foldit .

(2) Nature News: Citizen Science: People Power

(3) Nature: Predicting Protein Structures With A multiplayer online game

See also: 098 - Crowdsourcing

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Wonder Why ...

... "The human being has the luxury of being mad that when conditions are favorable."

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"Against the familiar: people who give us their complete confidence believe thus have a right to ours. It an error of reasoning: donations can not give a right . "

(F. Nietzsche)

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light.

"We can spread the light of two ways: to be the candle or the mirror that reflects it."

(E. Wharton )

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"There's music in the sigh of the reed; There's music in the bubbling brook; There's music in all things if Men could hear. "

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"It is an art that is worth something: that we can not explain. "

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"Suppose you meet a madman who says he is a fish and we are all fish. Are you going to argue with him? Are you going to undress in front of him show him that you do not have fins? Will you tell him face what you think? (...) If you do not tell him the truth, that what you really think of him, it would mean that you consent to have a serious discussion with a madman and you yourself are insane. is exactly the same thing with the world around us. If you persist in telling him the truth in the face, that would say you take it seriously. And take seriously something as serious bit is to lose oneself all seriousness. Me, I'm not lying to take seriously and not become crazy myself crazy. "

(Milan Kundera)

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Passing ...

"The day I went astray on large heather completed by forests. He had little to my dream! A dried leaf that the wind drove me to a hut which smoke rose into the tops of bare trees, the foam that shook the blows from the north on the trunk of an oak tree, a rock aside, a pond where the bead blasted desert murmured! The lone tower rising far into the valley has often attracted my attention, I often eye tracking birds of passage that flew over my head. I imagined the banks ignored the distant climes where they go, I wanted to be on their wings. A secret instinct tormented me, I felt I was myself a traveler ... "

(Chateaubriand)

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Hazards.

"With sky and soil, perhaps a few extras, a road, simple things. There is nothing else to see. The world is not because of exceptional beauty or scenic vistas. It is simply lights on entrance to cities, campaigns uneventful. I have to decide these hazards. Basically, that's it ... the photos. .. "

(R. Depardon)